Solar panel ndi chipangizo chomwe chimatembenuza mphamvu ya Dzuwa mwachindunji kapena mosalunjika kukhala mphamvu yamagetsi kudzera pazithunzi zazithunzi kapena zotsatira zazithunzi potengera kuwala kwa dzuwa.Zida zazikulu zamapulogalamu ambiri a Solar ndi "silicon", koma chifukwa cha kukwera mtengo kwake, kugwiritsidwa ntchito kwake kofala kumakhalabe ndi malire.

Poyerekeza ndi mabatire wamba ndi mabatire rechargeable, maselo dzuwa ndi zambiri kupulumutsa mphamvu ndi kuteteza chilengedwe cha zobiriwira mankhwala.

Pakalipano, zipangizo za crystalline silicon (kuphatikizapo polycrystalline silicon ndi monocrystalline silicon) ndizofunikira kwambiri pazithunzithunzi za photovoltaic, zomwe zimakhala ndi msika woposa 90%, ndipo zidzakhalabe zipangizo zamakono zamaselo a dzuwa kwa nthawi yaitali m'tsogolomu. Kwa nthawi yayitali, ukadaulo wopanga zida za polysilicon wakhala m'manja mwa mafakitale 10 amakampani 7 m'maiko 3, monga United States, Japan ndi Germany, kupanga mkhalidwe wa blockade yaukadaulo ndi kugulitsa msika. makamaka kuchokera ku semiconductors ndi ma cell a dzuwa. Malinga ndi zofunikira zosiyana za chiyero, zomwe zimagawidwa m'magulu amagetsi ndi dzuwa. Ndi chitukuko chofulumira cha mafakitale a photovoltaic, kufunikira kwa polysilicon ya dzuwa kwa maselo a dzuwa ikukula mofulumira kuposa ya semiconductor polysilicon, ndipo ikuyembekezeka. kuti kufunika kwa solar polysilicon kudzaposa kwa polysilicon yamagetsi pofika 2008. Kutulutsa kwapadziko lonse kwa maselo a dzuwa kunakwera kuchoka pa 69MW mu 1994 kufika pafupifupi 1200MW mu 2004, kuwonjezeka kwa 17 m'zaka 10 zokha.

Crystal silicon mapanelo: polycrystalline silicon solar cell, monocrystalline silicon solar cell.

Amorphous silicon mapanelo: woonda filimu ma cell solar, organic solar cell.

Mapanelo a utoto wa Chemical: ma cell a solar okhudzidwa ndi utoto.

Flexible solar cell

Silicon ya monocrystalline

Ma cell a solar a Monocrystalline silicon amatha kutembenuka mozungulira 18%, mpaka 24%, omwe ndi apamwamba kwambiri kuposa ma cell amtundu uliwonse, koma ndi okwera mtengo kwambiri kuti agwiritsidwe ntchito pofalikira. utomoni wopanda madzi, ndi wolimba komanso wokhazikika, wokhala ndi moyo wantchito mpaka zaka 25.

polysilicon

Njira yopangira ma cell a solar a polycrystalline silicon ndi ofanana ndi ma cell a solar a monocrystalline silicon, koma kusinthika kwa photoelectric kwa maselo a dzuwa a polycrystalline silicon kumakhala kotsika kwambiri, ndipo kusinthika kwa photoelectric kumakhala pafupifupi 16%. zotsika mtengo kuposa ma cell a solar a monocrystalline silicon, ndipo zida zake ndi zophweka kupanga, kupulumutsa mphamvu zogwiritsira ntchito mphamvu, ndipo mtengo wokwanira wopanga ndi wotsika, motero wapangidwa ndi kuchuluka kwakukulu. silicon solar cell.Monocrystalline silikoni solar maselo ndi pang'ono bwino pa mtengo ndi ntchito.

Silicon ya amorphous

Amorphous silicon solar cell ndi mtundu watsopano wa solar cell cell woonda kwambiri womwe unawonekera mu 1976. Ndizosiyana kwambiri ndi njira yopangira monocrystalline silicon ndi polycrystalline silicon solar cell.Njirayi imakhala yosavuta kwambiri, kugwiritsa ntchito zinthu za silicon kumakhala kochepa, ndipo mphamvu yogwiritsira ntchito mphamvu imakhala yochepa.Mlingo wapamwamba wapadziko lonse lapansi ndi pafupifupi 10%, ndipo siwokhazikika.Ndi kutambasuka kwa nthawi, kutembenuka dzuwa amachepetsa.